Ta có : \(p=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có :

\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}.\frac{b+c}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{a}\)

\(\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+c}{4ac}\ge4\sqrt{\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}.\frac{a+c}{4ac}}=\frac{1}{b}\)

\(\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}.\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)

Cộng vế với vế ta được \(p+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4b}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow p+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow p\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2a.2b.2c}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{8abc}}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Xét: \(\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}=\frac{bc}{a\cdot abc\cdot\frac{1}{c}+a\cdot abc\cdot\frac{1}{b}}=\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\)(*)

Tương tự với (*) ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}=\frac{c^2a^2}{ab+bc}\\\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}=\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+bc}\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\)

Ta thấy\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\) có dạng: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

Bước cuối Cô-si ba số và kết hợp điều kiện abc=1 là xong

 Ta có : \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+2c}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\)

Tương tự ta cũng có 

           \(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{bc+2a}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right);\sqrt{\frac{ca}{ca+2b}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\)

Cộng các vế ta được \(S\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)

Vậy \(S_{max}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)

Bìa này muốn làm cân 2 bước nha 

Bước 1 ) CM BĐT \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)

nó được CM như sau

áp dụng BĐT cô si ta đc 

\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge3.\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}}=9.\sqrt[3]{xyz.\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}}=9\)

dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z

Bước 2 ) Theo CM bước 1 . áp dụng ta đc

\(\frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}=\frac{ab}{9}.\frac{9}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\frac{ab}{9}.\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)

CM tương tự ta đc

\(\frac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\frac{bc}{9}.\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2c}\right)\)

\(\frac{ca}{c+3a+2b}\le\frac{ca}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2a}\right)\)

cộng zế zới zế ta đc

\(A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}+\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{a}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)

\(A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(b+a+c+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{6}=\frac{6}{6}=1\)

=> MAx A=1 khi a=b=c=2

P = \(\frac{a^2c}{a^2c+c^2b+b^2a+}+\frac{b^2a}{b^2a+a^2c+c^2b}+\frac{c^2b}{c^2b+b^2a+a^2c}\)

P = \(\frac{a^2c+b^2a+c^2b}{a^2c+c^2b+b^2a}=1\)

\(P=\frac{\frac{a}{b}}{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{b}{c}}+\frac{\frac{b}{c}}{\frac{b}{c}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{a}}+\frac{\frac{c}{a}}{\frac{c}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{a}{b}}=\frac{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}}{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}}=1\)

\(\sqrt{2a^2+ab+2b^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)

Tương tự:

\(\sqrt{2b^2+bc+2c^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(b+c\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2c^2+ca+2a^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(c+a\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế:

\(P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^3=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{9}\)

(x−y)2=(x+y)2−4xy=2012−4xy" role="presentation" style="border:0px; direction:ltr; display:inline-block; float:none; font-size:16.38px; line-height:0; margin:0px; max-height:none; max-width:none; min-height:0px; min-width:0px; padding:1px 0px; position:relative; white-space:nowrap; word-spacing:normal; word-wrap:normal" class="MathJax_CHTML mjx-chtml">(x−y)2=(x+y)2−4xy=2012−4xy

xy" role="presentation" style="border:0px; direction:ltr; display:inline-block; float:none; font-size:16.38px; line-height:0; margin:0px; max-height:none; max-width:none; min-height:0px; min-width:0px; padding:1px 0px; position:relative; white-space:nowrap; word-spacing:normal; word-wrap:normal" class="MathJax_CHTML mjx-chtml">xy, tương đương với việc ta tìm GTLN,GTNN của A=(x−y)2=(|x−y|)2 hay cần tìm GTLN,GTNN của |x−y|

x≥y" role="presentation" style="border:0px; direction:ltr; display:inline-block; float:none; font-size:16.38px; line-height:0; margin:0px; max-height:none; max-width:none; min-height:0px; min-width:0px; padding:1px 0px; position:relative; white-space:nowrap; word-spacing:normal; word-wrap:normal" class="MathJax_CHTML mjx-chtml">x≥y thì: x≥101; y≤100

|x−y|=x−y=x+y−2y=201−2y" role="presentation" style="border:0px; direction:ltr; display:inline-block; float:none; font-size:16.38px; line-height:0; margin:0px; max-height:none; max-width:none; min-height:0px; min-width:0px; padding:1px 0px; position:relative; white-space:nowrap; word-spacing:normal; word-wrap:normal" class="MathJax_CHTML mjx-chtml">|x−y|=x−y=x+y−2y=201−2y

1≤y≤100" role="presentation" style="border:0px; direction:ltr; display:inline-block; float:none; font-size:16.38px; line-height:0; margin:0px; max-height:none; max-width:none; min-height:0px; min-width:0px; padding:1px 0px; position:relative; white-space:nowrap; word-spacing:normal; word-wrap:normal" class="MathJax_CHTML mjx-chtml">1≤y≤100 nên: 1≤|x−y|=201−2y≤199

Lập luận đi ngược lại thì tìm được các cực trị

\(a^2b^2c^2+\left(a+1\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge a+b+c+ab+bc+ca+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(abc\right)^2+abc-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(abc+2\right)\left(abc-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow abc\ge1\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cosi ta có:

\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(2c+3a\right)}+\frac{b+2c}{45}+\frac{2c+3a}{75}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(2c+3b\right)}\cdot\frac{b+2c}{45}\cdot\frac{2c+3a}{75}}=\frac{a}{5}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(c+2a\right)\left(2a+3b\right)}+\frac{c+2a}{45}+\frac{2a+3b}{75}\ge\frac{b}{5}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c^3}{\left(a+2b\right)\left(2b+3c\right)}+\frac{a+2b}{45}+\frac{2b+3c}{75}\ge\frac{c}{5}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)

Từ (1)(2)(3) ta có:

\(P+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{15}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{5}\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{15}\left(a+b+c\right)\)

Mà \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Rightarrow S\ge\frac{1}{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1

CHÚC BAN HỌC GIỎI

đây\(x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}\)